The Russian Central Election Commission has placed nationwide voter participation in the State Duma elections at 31.09%. The figure is official. What it resolves is narrower than what it raises.
The case for taking this number at face value is simply that it comes from the named authority. The Russian Central Election Commission is the institution charged with tabulating these results, and 31.09% is the specific figure it released. Precision in an official release carries its own evidentiary weight.
The counterargument runs directly against that logic. A turnout figure reported by the body conducting the election is, structurally, a single-source claim. How the commission defined and counted participation, how 31.09% maps against the total eligible electorate, and how that number compares to prior State Duma cycles are all questions the release as reported leaves unanswered.
On balance, 31.09% is the number of record. The line to watch is what independent verification, if any, surfaces alongside it.